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Organic Chemistry Reaction Mechanism is a useful App for learning the fundamentals of reaction mechanism in organic chemistry by using curved arrows. Mastering basic reaction mechanisms is an important survival skill for students learning organic chemistry. Table of Contents (Total 106 videos) 1. Types of arrows used in organic chemistry 2. Basic principles in organic chemistry 3. Resonance 4. Halogenation of alkanes (Radical reaction) 5. Alkene addition reactions: Electrophilic additions 5-1. Addition of hydrogen halide 5-2. Stability of carbocations 5-3. Supplementary: Rearrangement reaction 5-4. Acid catalyzed addition of water (Hydration) 5-4. Reaction mechanism (How to draw curved arrows) 5-5. Oxymercuration 5-6. Hydroboration 5-7. Addition of halogen (Halogenation): Bromination 5-8. Reaction with peroxyacid (peracid): Epoxidation 5-9. Reaction with osmium tetroxide: Dihydroxidation 5-10. Reaction with ozone: Ozonolysis 5-11. Reaction with hydrogen (Catalytic hydrogenation) 6. Alkyne addition reactions: Electrophilic addition 6-1. Addition of hydrogen halide 6-2. Addition of water 6-3. Addition of halogen (Bromination) 6-4. Addition of hydrogen: Half reduction 6-5. Supplementary: Birch reduction 7. Electrophilic aromatic substitution 7-1. Nitration 7-2. Bromination 7-3. Sulfonation: Sulfonation is reversible ! 7-4. Friedel-Crafts reactions 7-4. (A) Friedel-Crafts alkylation 7-4. (B) Friedel-Crafts acylation 7-5. Summary of electrophilic aromatic substitution 7-6. Electrophilic substitution of benzene derivatives 7-6-1. Reactivity 7-6-2. Orientation 7-7. Theory of orientation 7-7-1. Toluene: o,p-directing and activating 7-7-2. Phenol: o,p-directing and activating 7-7-3. Nitrobenzene: m-directing and deactivating 8. Nucleophilic substitution (SN2 and SN1) of alkyl halides 8-1. SN2 reaction 8-2. Reaction mechanism of SN2 8-3. SN1 reaction 8-4. Reaction mechanism of SN1 9. Elimination reaction (E2 and E1) of alkyl halides 9-1. E2 reaction 9-2. Reaction mechanism of E2 9-3. E1 reaction 9-4. Reaction mechanism of E1 10. Reaction of alcohols 10-1. Protonation with strong acids 10-2. Acid-catalyzed elimination of water (Dehydration) 10-3. Reaction with hydrogen halides 10-4. Reaction of allylic alcohols 10-5. Supplementary: Allyllic rearrangement 10-6. Supplementary: Saytzeff’s rule (Zaitsev’s rule) 11. Ethers: Synthesis and Reactions 11-1. Synthesis of ethers-1 11-2. Synthesis of ethers-2: Williamson Ether Synthesis 11-3. Acid cleavage of ethers: Reaction with acids 11-4. Supplementary: Removal of methyl protecting group 11-5. Nucleophilic opening of epoxides with Grignard reagents 12. Nucleophilic addition to carbonyl group (aldehydes and ketones) 12-1. The polarity of the C=O double bond 12-2. Nucleophilic addition to carbonyl group 12-3. Addition of alcohols: Hemiacetal and acetal formation 12-4. Addition of primary amines: Imine formation 12-5. Addition of Grignard reagents 12-6. Supplementary: Addition of Grignard reagents to carbon dioxide 12-7. Addition of acetylides 12-8. Addition of hydrogen cyanide 12-9. Reduction of ketones and aldehydes 13. Esters: Synthesis and Reactions 13-1. Synthetic method for esters-1: Fischer esterification 13-2. Synthetic method for esters-2: Methyl ester formation by diazomethane 13-3. Hydrolysis of esters 13-4. Supplementary: Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tert-butyl esters 13-5. Reaction with Grignard reagents 13-6. Reduction of esters 13-7. Alcoholysis of esters 13-8. Ammonolysis of esters 14. Enol and Enolate reactions (aldehydes and ketones) 14-1. Keto-enol equilibrium 14-2. Why are a-Hydrogens acidic ? 14-3. Enolization 14-4. Aldol reaction 14-5. Aldol condensation 14-6. E1cB reaction 15. Enolate reactions in esters 15-1. Claisen condensation 15-2. Dieckmann condensation and retro-Claisen condensation 15-3. Synthetic methods related to Claisen condensation 15-4. Acetoacetic ester synthesis 15-5. Malonic ester synthesis 16. Michael addition 17. Robinson annulation
