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Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy. * Complete Textbook by OpenStax * Multiple Choices Questions (MCQ) * Essay Questions Flash Cards * Key-Terms Flash Cards Powered by QuizOver.com the leading online quiz creator https://www.quizover.com Unit 1. The Cellular Foundation of Life Introduction to Biology Themes and Concepts of Biology The Process of Science 1. Chemistry of Life 1.1. The Building Blocks of Molecules 1.2. Water 1.3. Biological Molecules 2. Cell Structure and Function 2.1. How Cells Are Studied 2.2. Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 2.3. Eukaryotic Cells 2.4. The Cell Membrane 2.5. Passive Transport 2.6. Active Transport 3. How Cells Obtain Energy 3.1. Energy and Metabolism 3.2. Glycolysis 3.3. Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation 3.4. Fermentation 3.5. Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways 4. Photosynthesis 4.1. Overview of Photosynthesis 4.2. The Light-Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis 4.3. The Calvin Cycle Unit 2. Cell Division and Genetics 6. Reproduction at the Cellular Level 6.1. The Genome 6.2. The Cell Cycle 6.3. Cancer and the Cell Cycle 6.4. Prokaryotic Cell Division 7. The Cellular Basis of Inheritance 7.1. Sexual Reproduction 7.2. Meiosis 7.3. Errors in Meiosis 8. Patterns of Inheritance 8.1. Mendel’s Experiments 8.2. Laws of Inheritance 8.3. Extensions of the Laws of Inheritance Unit 3. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 9. Molecular Biology 9.1. The Structure of DNA 9.2. DNA Replication 9.3. Transcription 9.4. Translation 9.5. How Genes Are Regulated 10. Biotechnology 10.1. Cloning and Genetic Engineering 10.2. Biotechnology in Medicine and Agriculture 10.3. Genomics and Proteomics Unit 4. Evolution and the Diversity of Life 11. Evolution and Its Processes 11.1. Discovering How Populations Change 11.2. Mechanisms of Evolution 11.3. Evidence of Evolution 11.4. Speciation 11.5. Common Misconceptions about Evolution 12. Diversity of Life 12.1. Organizing Life on Earth 12.2. Determining Evolutionary Relationships 13. Diversity of Microbes, Fungi, and Protists 13.1. Prokaryotic Diversity 13.2. Eukaryotic Origins 13.3. Protists 13.4. Fungi 14. Diversity of Plants 14.1. The Plant Kingdom 14.2. Seedless Plants 14.3. Seed Plants: Gymnosperms 14.4. Seed Plants: Angiosperms 15. Diversity of Animals 15.1. Features of the Animal Kingdom 15.2. Sponges and Cnidarians 15.3. Flatworms, Nematodes, and Arthropods 15.4. Mollusks and Annelids 15.5. Echinoderms and Chordates 15.6. Vertebrates Unit 5. Animal Structure and Function 16. The Body’s Systems 16.1. Homeostasis and Osmoregulation 16.2. Digestive System 16.3. Circulatory and Respiratory Systems 16.4. Endocrine System 16.5. Musculoskeletal System 16.6. Nervous System 17. The Immune System and Disease 17.1. Viruses 17.2. Innate Immunity 17.3. Adaptive Immunity 17.4. Disruptions in the Immune System 18. Animal Reproduction and Development 18.1. How Animals Reproduce 18.2. Development and Organogenesis 18.3. Human Reproduction Unit 6. Ecology 19. Population and Community Ecology 19.1. Population Demographics and Dynamics 19.2. Population Growth and Regulation 19.3. The Human Population 19.4. Community Ecology 20. Ecosystems and the Biosphere 20.1. Energy Flow through Ecosystems 20.2. Biogeochemical Cycles 20.3. Terrestrial Biomes 20.4. Aquatic and Marine Biomes 21. Conservation and Biodiversity 21.1. Importance of Biodiversity 21.2. Threats to Biodiversity 21.3. Preserving Biodiversity